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Closed Form
An equation is said to be a closed-form solution if it solves a given problem in terms of functions and mathematical operations from a given generally-accepted set.
For example, the sum of the first numbers is given by the closed form
A great tool to find closed form is a search tool The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences.
Related challenge for Closed Form
Maxima Minima
Given a function , we can find maxima, minima value of this function by equating first order derivative to .
. The value of that satisfies this is a local max or min.
In general to find max/min value of function over a range we need to check and all the points , where .