public static String encryption(String s) {
        // Remove spaces from the string
        s = s.replaceAll("\\s", "");
        int length = s.length();

        // Determine grid dimensions
        int floor = (int) Math.floor(Math.sqrt(length));
        int ceil = (int) Math.ceil(Math.sqrt(length));

        // Adjust rows and columns based on calculated dimensions
        int rows = floor;
        int columns = ceil;
        if (rows * columns < length) {
            if (ceil * ceil >= length) {
                rows = ceil;
                columns = ceil;
            } else if (ceil * floor >= length) {
                rows = ceil;
            }
        }

        StringBuilder encrypted = new StringBuilder();
        // Construct column-wise encryption
        for (int col = 0; col < columns; col++) {
            for (int row = 0; row < rows; row++) {
                int index = row * columns + col;
                if (index < length) {
                    encrypted.append(s.charAt(index));
                }
            }
            if (col < columns - 1) {
                encrypted.append(' ');
            }
        }

        return encrypted.toString();
    }

}