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    To explain further for people confused:

    We are creating a "difference array" Which shows how many steps up or down have occurred (the difference between 0 and result of each operation) and where in the array they have occurred. This way, you can see how high the max ends up and return that for the solution.

    I found this explanation helpful to have this fact dawn on me after much noodling: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-array-range-update-query-o1/