Some C++ data types, their format specifiers, and their most common bit widths are as follows:

• Int ("%d"): 32 Bit integer
• Long ("%ld"): 64 bit integer
• Char ("%c"): Character type
• Float ("%f"): 32 bit real value
• Double ("%lf"): 64 bit real value

Reading
To read a data type, use the following syntax:

scanf("`format_specifier`", &val)

For example, to read a character followed by a double:

char ch;
double d;
scanf("%c %lf", &ch, &d);

For the moment, we can ignore the spacing between format specifiers.

Printing
To print a data type, use the following syntax:

printf("`format_specifier`", val)

For example, to print a character followed by a double:

char ch = 'd';
double d = 234.432;
printf("%c %lf", ch, d);

Note: You can also use cin and cout instead of scanf and printf; however, if you are taking a million numbers as input and printing a million lines, it is faster to use scanf and printf.