import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.InputMismatchException;

public class Solution {
	static InputStream is;
	static PrintWriter out;
	static String INPUT = "";
    static int MOD = 100003;
    
    static void solve()
	{
      int T = ni();
      for(int t = 0; t < T; t++){
          long n = nl();
          long k = nl();
          out.println(choose_mod(n-k+1,k,MOD));
      }
	}
    
    public static long gcd(long a, long b) { return b==0 ? a : gcd(b, a%b); }
    
    static long modPow(long a, long x, long p) {
    //calculates a^x mod p in logarithmic time.
    long res = 1;
    while(x > 0) {
        if( x % 2 != 0) {
            res = (res * a) % p;
        }
        a = (a * a) % p;
        x /= 2;
    }
    return res;
    }

    static long factorial_exponent(long n, long p)
    {
        long ex = 0;
        do
        {
            n /= p;
            ex += n;
        }while(n > 0);
        return ex;
    }
    
    // Preconditions: 0 <= k <= n; p > 1 prime
    static long choose_mod_one(long n, long k, long p)
    {
    // For small k, no recursion is necessary
    if (k < p) return choose_mod_two(n,k,p);
    long q_n, r_n, q_k, r_k, choose;
    q_n = n / p;
    r_n = n % p;
    q_k = k / p;
    r_k = k % p;
    choose = choose_mod_two(r_n, r_k, p);
    // If the exponent of p in choose(n,k) isn't determined to be 0
    // before the calculation gets serious, short-cut here:
    /* if (choose == 0) return 0; */
    choose *= choose_mod_one(q_n, q_k, p);
    return choose % p;
    }

    // Preconditions: 0 <= k <= min(n,p-1); p > 1 prime
    static long choose_mod_two(long n, long k, long p)
    {
    // reduce n modulo p
    n %= p;
    // Trivial checks
    if (n < k) return 0;
    if (k == 0 || k == n) return 1;
    // Now 0 < k < n, save a bit of work if k > n/2
    if (k > n/2) k = n-k;
    // calculate numerator and denominator modulo p
    long num = n, den = 1;
    for(n = n-1; k > 1; --n, --k)
    {
        num = (num * n) % p;
        den = (den * k) % p;
    }
    // Invert denominator modulo p
    den = modInverse(den,p);
    return (num * den) % p;
    }
    
    static long modInverse(long a, long n) {
        long i = n, v = 0, d = 1;
        while (a>0) {
            long t = i/a, x = a;
            a = i % x;
            i = x;
            x = d;
            d = v - t*x;
            v = x;
        }
        v %= n;
        if (v<0) 
            v = (v+n)%n;
        return v;
    }
        
    static long choose_mod(long n, long k, long p)
    {
        // We deal with the trivial cases first
        if (k < 0 || n < k) return 0;
        if (k == 0 || k == n) return 1;
        // Now check whether choose(n,k) is divisible by p
        if (factorial_exponent(n,p) > (factorial_exponent(k,p) + factorial_exponent(n-k,p))) return 0;
        // If it's not divisible, do the generic work
        return choose_mod_one(n,k,p);
    }
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
	{
		long S = System.currentTimeMillis();
		is = INPUT.isEmpty() ? System.in : new ByteArrayInputStream(INPUT.getBytes());
		out = new PrintWriter(System.out);
		
		solve();
		out.flush();
		long G = System.currentTimeMillis();
		tr(G-S+"ms");
	}
	
	private static boolean eof()
	{
		if(lenbuf == -1)return true;
		int lptr = ptrbuf;
		while(lptr < lenbuf)if(!isSpaceChar(inbuf[lptr++]))return false;
		
		try {
			is.mark(1000);
			while(true){
				int b = is.read();
				if(b == -1){
					is.reset();
					return true;
				}else if(!isSpaceChar(b)){
					is.reset();
					return false;
				}
			}
		} catch (IOException e) {
			return true;
		}
	}
	
	private static byte[] inbuf = new byte[1024];
	static int lenbuf = 0, ptrbuf = 0;
	
	private static int readByte()
	{
		if(lenbuf == -1)throw new InputMismatchException();
		if(ptrbuf >= lenbuf){
			ptrbuf = 0;
			try { lenbuf = is.read(inbuf); } catch (IOException e) { throw new InputMismatchException(); }
			if(lenbuf <= 0)return -1;
		}
		return inbuf[ptrbuf++];
	}
	
	private static boolean isSpaceChar(int c) { return !(c >= 33 && c <= 126); }
	private static int skip() { int b; while((b = readByte()) != -1 && isSpaceChar(b)); return b; }
	
	private static double nd() { return Double.parseDouble(ns()); }
	private static char nc() { return (char)skip(); }
	
	private static String ns()
	{
		int b = skip();
		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
		while(!(isSpaceChar(b))){ // when nextLine, (isSpaceChar(b) && b != ' ')
			sb.appendCodePoint(b);
			b = readByte();
		}
		return sb.toString();
	}
	
	private static char[] ns(int n)
	{
		char[] buf = new char[n];
		int b = skip(), p = 0;
		while(p < n && !(isSpaceChar(b))){
			buf[p++] = (char)b;
			b = readByte();
		}
		return n == p ? buf : Arrays.copyOf(buf, p);
	}
	
	private static char[][] nm(int n, int m)
	{
		char[][] map = new char[n][];
		for(int i = 0;i < n;i++)map[i] = ns(m);
		return map;
	}
	
	private static int[] na(int n)
	{
		int[] a = new int[n];
		for(int i = 0;i < n;i++)a[i] = ni();
		return a;
	}
	
	private static int ni()
	{
		int num = 0, b;
		boolean minus = false;
		while((b = readByte()) != -1 && !((b >= '0' && b <= '9') || b == '-'));
		if(b == '-'){
			minus = true;
			b = readByte();
		}
		
		while(true){
			if(b >= '0' && b <= '9'){
				num = num * 10 + (b - '0');
			}else{
				return minus ? -num : num;
			}
			b = readByte();
		}
	}
	
	private static long nl()
	{
		long num = 0;
		int b;
		boolean minus = false;
		while((b = readByte()) != -1 && !((b >= '0' && b <= '9') || b == '-'));
		if(b == '-'){
			minus = true;
			b = readByte();
		}
		
		while(true){
			if(b >= '0' && b <= '9'){
				num = num * 10 + (b - '0');
			}else{
				return minus ? -num : num;
			}
			b = readByte();
		}
	}
	
	private static void tr(Object... o) { if(INPUT.length() != 0)System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(o)); }
}