import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.text.*;
import java.math.*;
import java.util.regex.*;

public class Solution {


    	public static BigInteger ways(int visit, int notVisit){
            BigInteger res = BigInteger.valueOf(1);
            BigInteger start = BigInteger.valueOf(notVisit);
            for(int i = 0; i < visit; i++){
                res = res.multiply(start);
                start = start.subtract(BigInteger.valueOf(1));
            }
            
            for(int i = 0; i < visit; i++){
                res = res.divide(BigInteger.valueOf(i+1));
            }
            return res.mod(BigInteger.valueOf(100003));
        }
        
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            Scanner kb = new Scanner(System.in);
            int size = kb.nextInt();
            while(size > 0){
                int total = kb.nextInt();
                int visit = kb.nextInt();
                int notVisit = total - visit + 1;
                System.out.println(ways(visit, notVisit));
                size --;
            }
        }
    }