#include <cstdio> #include <iostream> using namespace std; typedef long long ll; const ll MOD=100003; ll factorial_exponent(ll n) { ll ex = 0; do { n /= MOD; ex += n; }while(n > 0); return ex; } ll invert_mod(ll a, ll b){ b-=2; ll x = 1, y = a; while(b > 0){ if(b%2 == 1){ x=(x*y); if(x>MOD) x%=MOD; } y = (y*y); if(y>MOD) y%=MOD; b /= 2; } return x; } ll choose_mod_two(ll n, ll k) { n %= MOD; if (n < k) return 0; if (k == 0 || k == n) return 1; if (k > n/2) k = n-k; ll num = n, den = 1; for(n = n-1; k > 1; n--, k--) { num = (num * n) % MOD; den = (den * k) % MOD; } den = invert_mod(den,MOD); return (num * den) % MOD; } ll choose_mod_one(ll n, ll k){ if (k < MOD) return choose_mod_two(n,k); ll q_n, r_n, q_k, r_k, choose; q_n = n / MOD; r_n = n % MOD; q_k = k / MOD; r_k = k % MOD; choose = choose_mod_two(r_n, r_k); choose *= choose_mod_one(q_n, q_k); return choose % MOD; } ll choose_mod(ll n, ll k){ //cout<<n<<' '<<k<<endl; if (k < 0 || n < k) return 0; if (k == 0 || k == n) return 1; //if (factorial_exponent(n) > factorial_exponent(k) + factorial_exponent(n-k)) return 0; return choose_mod_one(n,k); } ll T, N, K; int main(){ cin>>T; for(int i=0; i<T; i++){ cin>>N>>K; cout<<choose_mod(N-K+1, K)<<endl; } }